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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

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Core Subject : Engineering,

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The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 19 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2013)" : 19 Documents clear

Potential of an asymmetrical agitation in industrial mixing Kazuhiko Nishi; Naoki Enya; Kazufumi Sonoda; Ryuta Misumi; Meguru Kaminoyama
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Mixing is one of the most fundamental operations in chemical engineering. Stirred tanks are widely used in the manufacture of such materials as chemicals, paints, inks, electronics materials, ceramics, foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Suitable mixing is indispensable to the purpose achievement of a process. Eccentric mixing, in which an impeller installed at eccentric position in a vessel, is one of the traditional methods of promoting mixing. An asymmetrical flow which occurs in vessel is complicated, and it promotes mixing, distribution, and mass transfer. In this study, a new mixing method which eccentric mixing using a large type impeller which attracts attention in recent years is shown. The high performance of a large impeller can be combined with the advantages of an eccentric impeller by using the impeller at an eccentric position. The power consumption and mixing time for MAXBLEND, which is a type of large impeller, were investigated. The power consumption, P, and mixing time, θM, were measured under various eccentric conditions. The relation between the power number (Np) and Reynolds number (Re) and that between the dimensionless mixing time (nθM) and Re were investigated. When eccentric mixing is used industrially, we should be concerned about the horizontal load to a agitating shaft. The large oscillating horizontal load causes serious problems, such as the falling off of the impeller or the breakage of the motor, mechanical seal or gearbox. It is, therefore, important to understand the relation between these values and the impeller rotational speed when designing the mixing equipment and determining the operating conditions. In this study, the torque and horizontal load were measured in eccentric mixing under various eccentric conditions. The averages of both, the torque and the horizontal load, and their standard deviations, corresponding to the amplitude of fluctuation, were shown.Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.73-80 [How to cite this article: Nishi, K., Enya, N., Sonoda, K., Misumi, R., Kaminoyama, M. (2013). Potential of an asymmetrical agitation in industrial mixing. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),73-80. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.73-80]

Pitting Corrosion of Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallic Compound at Various Chloride Concentrations Gadang Priyotomo
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The pitting corrosion of Ni3(Si,Ti) intermetallic compound was investigated as function of chloride concentration by using electrochemical method and scanning electron microscope in sodium chloride solutions at 293 K. In addition, the pitting corrosion of type C276 alloy was also studied under the same experimental condition for comparison. The pitting potential obtained for the intermetallic compound decreased with increasing chloride concentration. The specific pitting potential and pitting potential of Ni3(Si,Ti) were lower than those of C276 alloy, which means that the pitting corrosion resistance of C276 alloy was higher than that of Ni3(Si,Ti).

Agarwood Waste as A New Fluid Loss Control Agent in Water-based Drilling Fluid Azlinda Azizi; Mohd Shahrul Nizam Ibrahim; Ku Halim Ku Hamid; Arina Sauki; Nurul Aimi Ghazali; Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Agarwood has been used widely in various ways, including traditional medicine and art. The usage of agarwood has grown broader in modern times include in therapeutic medicines and perfumery. In this paper the agarwood waste has been explored to be used as a fluid loss control agent to control fluid loss without affecting the drilling fluid rheological properties which are density, pH, viscosity, yield point and gel strength. Agarwood waste was used as an additive in the drilling fluid system due to its unique characteristic. Rheological and filtration measurements were performed on the formulated water-based drilling fluid. Formulations of a base solution of fresh water, sodium hydroxide, bentonite, barite, and xanthan gum were presented. The performance of the agarwood waste as the fluid loss control agent was compared with based fluid formulation and water-based drilling fluid with treating with conventional fluid loss control agent (starch). The filtrate volume of drilling fluid with agarwood waste was about 13 ml while for drilling fluid with conventional fluid loss control agent, starch gave 12 ml of filtrate volume after undergoing filtration test by using LPLT filter press. The performance of drilling fluid with agarwood was efficient as drilling fluid with starch. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.101-105 How to cite this article: Azizi, A., Ibrahim, M.S.N., Hamid, K.H.K., Sauki, A., Ghazali, N.A., Mohd, T.A.T. (2013). Agarwood Waste as A New Fluid Loss Control Agent in Water-based Drilling Fluid. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),101-105. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.101-105]

Surface Morphology Study of Nanostructured Lead-Free Solder Alloy Sn-Ag-Cu Developed by Electrodeposition: Effect of Current Density Investigation Sakinah Mohd Yusof; Abdul Hadi; Junaidah Jai
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Nanostructured lead-free solder Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) was developed by electrodeposition method at room temperature. Electrolite bath which comprised of the predetermined quantity of tin methane sulfonate, copper sulfate and silver sulfate were added sequentially to MSA solution. The methane sulphonic acid (MSA) based ternary Sn-Ag-Cu bath was developed by using tin methane sulfonate as a source of Sn ions while the Cu+ and Ag+ ions were obtained from their respective sulfate salts. The rate of the electrodeposition was controlled by variation of current density. The addition of the buffer, comprising of sodium and ammonium acetate helped in raising the pH solution. During the experimental procedure, the pH of solution, composition of the electrolite bath, and the electrodeposition time were kept constant. The electrodeposited rate, deposit composition and microstructure were investigated as the effect of current density. The electrodeposited solder alloy was characterized for their morphology using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). In conclusion, vary of current density will play significant role in the surface morphology of nanostructured lead-free solder SAC developed. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.51-55 [How to cite this article: Yusof, S.M., Hadi, A., and Jai, J. (2013). Surface Morphology Study of Nanostructured Lead-Free Solder Alloy Sn-Ag-Cu Developed by Electrodeposition: Effect of Current Density Investigation. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2):51-55. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.51-55

Editorial (Table of Content, Editorial Board, Preface) IJSE Editor
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Editorial (Table of Content, Editorial Board, Preface)

Characteristics of Red Algae Bioplastics/Latex Blends under Tension M. Nizar Machmud; Reza Fahmi; Rohana Abdullah; Coco Kokarkin
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Cassava, corn, sago and the other food crops have been commonly used as raw materials to produce green plastics. However, plastics produced from such crops cannot be tailored to fit a particular requirement due to their poor water resistance and mechanical properties. Nowadays, researchers are hence looking to get alternative raw materials from the other sustainable resources to produce plastics. Their recent published studies have reported that marine red algae, that has been already widely used as a raw material for producing biofuels, is one of the potential algae crops that can be turned into plastics. In this work, Eucheuma Cottonii, that is one of the red alga crops, was used as raw material to produce plastics by using a filtration technique. Selected latex of Artocarpus altilis and Calostropis gigantea was separately then blended with bioplastics derived from the red algae, to replace use of glycerol as plasticizer. Role of the glycerol and the selected latex on physical and mechanical properties of the red algae bioplastics obtained under a tensile test performed at room temperature are discussed. Tensile strength of some starch-based plastics collected from some recent references is also presented in this paperDoi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.81-88 [How to cite this article: Machmud, M.N., Fahmi, R., Abdullah, R., and Kokarkin, C. (2013). Characteristics of Red Algae Bioplastics/Latex Blends under Tension. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),81-88. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.81-88

Study of Biometric Identification Method Based on Naked Footprint Raji Rafiu King; Wang Xiaopeng
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The scale of deployment of biometric identity-verification systems has recently seen an enormous increase owing to the need for more secure and reliable way of identifying people. Footprint identification which can be defined as the measurement of footprint features for recognizing the identity of a user has surfaced recently. This study is based on a biometric personal identification method using static footprint features viz. friction ridge / texture and foot shape / silhouette. To begin with, naked footprints of users are captured; images then undergo pre processing followed by the extraction of two features; shape using Gradient Vector Flow （GVF） snake model and minutiae extraction respectively. Matching is then effected based on these two features followed by a fusion of these two results for either a reject or accept decision. Our shape matching feature is based on cosine similarity while the texture one is based on miniature score matching. The results from our research establish that the naked footprint is a credible biometric feature as two barefoot impressions of an individual match perfectly while that of two different persons shows a great deal of dissimilarity. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.29-35 How to cite this article: King, R.R. and Xiaopeng, W. (2013). Study of Biometric Identification Method Based on Naked Footprint . International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),18-24. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.29-35]

Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill Byproduct as Ruminant Feed in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Hamdi Mayulu; S Sunarso; C. I. Sutrisno; S Sumarsono; M Christiyanto; K. Isharyudono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

By-product produced from plantation and palm oil mill can be utilized for energy and protein source of ruminant feed. Thus, it still has potency for further exploration. The objective of the research was to investigate the nutrient value of palm oil plantation and mill’s by-product used to formulate ruminant feed. The research located in 66,118.5 ha of palm oil plantation in Paser regency, East Kalimantan province. The research was carried out in palm oil plantation and mill of PTPN XIII comprising productive plants (TM) in +14,000 ha arranged in 9 divisions (afdeling). Measured variables consisted of: 1) dry mass production (mass of midrib every cutting and frond) (kg); 2) Centrosema sp mass production (kg); 3) mass of empty fruit bunches (kg); palm pressed fiber (PPF) (kg), palm kernel cake (PKC) (kg) dan palm oil sludge (POS) (kg); 4) nutrient content analyzed under proximate analysis in accordance with the procedure of Ruminant Feed Nutrient Laboratory, Faculty of Livestock, Diponegoro University. The result showed that total dry matter (DM) production was 14.82 ton/ha/year, consisting: midrib 29.09% (crude protein (CP) 3.16% and crude fiber (CF) 37.85%), frond 10.31% (CP 6.53% dan CF 30.39%), Centrosema sp. 2.48% (CP 22.58% and CF 35.12), EFB 24.31% (CP 7.01% and CF 40.22%), PPF 1.23% (CP 5.56% and CF 50.36%), PKC 1.29% (CP 15.49% and CF10.45) and POS 1.20% (CP 17.86% and CF 45.99%). This could be concluded that palm oil plantation and mill’s by-product was recommended for ruminant feed as it had huge amount and appropriate nutrient contentDoi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.56-60 [How to cite this article: Mayulu, H., Sunarso, C. I. Sutrisno, Sumarsono, M. Christiyanto, K. Isharyudono. (2013). Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill Byproduct as Ruminant Feed in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, 5(2),56-60. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.56-60]

Correlation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Commonly Used Binary Systems in Supercritical Fluid Extraction Processes Saeid Atashrouz; Hamed Mirshekar; Hamid Bagheri
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this paper, a comprehensive mathematical model is developed based on the Feed-ForwardBack Propagation Artificial Neural Network (FFBP-ANN). The model is employed for thecalculation of Vapor Liquid Equilibria (VLE) of four CO2-containing binary mixtures. Themixtures include CO2 - Tertpentanol was investigated at the temperature range from 313.14 to343.15 K. The following mixtures including CO2 - Isobutanol at 313.2 to 353.2 K, CO2 - methylacetate at 308.15 to 328.15 K and CO2 - diisopropyl ether at 265.15 to 333.15 K wereinvestigated as well. The related experimental data of open literature have been used to constructthe model. The results confirm that there is a reasonable conformity between the predicted valuesand the experimental data. Additionally, the ability of the ANN model is examined by comparison with the conventional thermodynamic models and ANN model predicted VLE datawith more accuracy.

Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste Abdul Gani Haji; Gustan Pari; Muhammad Nazar; H Habibati
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The difficulties to decompose organic waste can be handled naturally by pyrolisis so it can decomposes quickly that produces charcoal as the product. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from urban organic waste. Charcoal results of pyrolysis of organic waste activated with KOH 1.0 M at a temperature of 700 and 800oC for 60 to 120 minutes. Characteristics of activated carbon were identified by Furrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). However, their quality is determined yield, moisture content, ash, fly substances, fixed carbon, and the power of adsorption of iodine and benzene. The identified functional groups on activated carbon, such as OH (3448,5-3436,9 cm-1), and C=O (1639,4 cm-1). In general, the degree and distance between the layers of active carbon crystallites produced activation in all treatments showed no significant difference. The pattern of activated carbon surface topography structure shows that the greater the pore formation in accordance with the temperature increase the more activation time needed. The yield of activated carbon obtained ranged from 72.04 to 82.75%. The results of characterization properties of activated carbon was obtained from 1.11 to 5.41% water, 13.68 to 17.27% substance fly, 20.36 to 26.59% ash, and 56.14 to 62.31% of fixed carbon . Absorption of activated carbon was good enough at 800oC and 120 minutes of activation time, that was equal to 409.52 mg/g of iodine and 14.03% of benzene. Activated carbon produced has less good quality, because only the water content and flying substances that meet the standards.Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.89-94 [How to cite this article: Haji, A.G., Pari, G., Nazar, M., and Habibati. (2013). Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste . International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),89-94. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.89-94]

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